Genetic Counseling and Testing
Cancer genetics focuses on how changes in a person’s genes can increase the risk of developing cancer. These genetic changes, called mutations, can either be inherited from family members or develop over time.
What are genes and mutations?
- Genes are instructions inside your cells that control how your body grows and functions
- A mutation is a change in a gene that can cause cells to grow out of control
- Not all mutations lead to cancer, but some can increase risk
Why cancer genetics matter
Understanding genetics can help patients and doctors:
- Identify cancer risk early: People with certain mutations may be more likely to develop cancer.
- Guide screening and prevention: Earlier or more frequent screenings (like mammograms or colonoscopies) may be recommended for those with certain genetics or mutations to help catch cancer sooner. Preventive measures may also be recommended, including lifestyle changes or surgery in high-risk cases.
- Personalize treatment: Some treatments work better for certain genetic mutations. Understanding someone genetics helps doctors choose targeted therapies.
- Inform family members: Relatives may also be at risk and can consider testing.
Common genetic-linked cancer syndromes and mutations
Some well-known inherited conditions include:
- BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: Linked to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers
- Lynch syndrome: Increases risk of colorectal, uterine, and other cancers
- TP53 mutation (Li-Fraumeni syndrome): Linked to several rare cancers at younger ages
How genetics affect cancer treatment
Some cancers are treated with targeted therapies that attack specific genetic mutations. Doctors may use genetic information to:
- Choose the most effective treatment
- Avoid treatments that are less likely to work
- Predict how a cancer may behave
Precise and proactive care
Cancer genetics helps doctors understand why cancer develops and how to treat it more effectively. By identifying genetic risks and using personalized treatment plans, patients can receive more precise and proactive care. Your MercyOne care team will determine if genetic testing is right for you.
