Signs of a urinary tract infection (UTI) and how to treat it

Overview: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common and can affect people of all ages. Knowing the symptoms, such as frequent urination, burning during urination or cloudy urine, can help you seek treatment early and prevent more serious complications.

If you frequently feel the need to use the bathroom or experience a burning sensation when urinating, you might have a urinary tract infection (UTI). UTIs are a common health condition that affect people of all ages, but especially women.

While UTIs are often easy to diagnose and treat, they can cause significant discomfort and may lead to more serious health concerns if left untreated. Knowing the symptoms and seeking care early can help you find relief and prevent complications.

What is a UTI?

A UTI is an infection in the urinary tract which includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. There are few different types of UTIs, depending on what part of your urinary tract is infected.

Cystitis (bladder infections) are the most common type of UTI. Bladder infections are typically mild to moderate in severity and are easily treatable when caught early.

Urethritis is an infection in the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body. These are less common than bladder infections and are typically mild and easily treatable.

Pyelonephritis (kidney infections) are less common than other UTIs but much more serious. They can affect one or both kidneys and may require hospitalization if not treated promptly.

Signs and symptoms of UTI

The symptoms of a UTI may vary depending on the type of UTI. However, common symptoms often include:

• Bruning or discomfort when urinating.
• Frequent urinating or the feeling of needing to urinate frequently.
• Discomfort in the lower abdomen.
• Cloudy or bloody urine.
• Itching or irritation.
• Discharge (in some cases).
• Fever, chills or nausea (signs of a kidney infection, seek medical care immediately).
• Mental and emotional issues, particularly in older men and women.

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, talk to your healthcare provider. Although many UTIs are mild cases, leaving them untreated could cause the infection to spread and become more serious.

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What causes a UTI?

UTIs are usually caused by bacteria entering your urinary tract and causing an infection. There are few common causes and risk factors for UTIs, including:

• Urinary tract blockage or incomplete emptying: Kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can prevent urine from flowing normally, allowing bacteria to grow.
• Catheters: Urinary catheters can provide a pathway for bacteria to enter the urinary tract.
• Pregnancy: Pregnancy can increase the likelihood of developing a UTI because of changes in the urinary tract and hormone levels.
• Sexual activity: Can introduce bacteria to the urinary tract.
• Women’s anatomy: Women have a shorter urethra making it easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract and cause infection.

How to prevent UTIs

While not all UTIs can be prevented, these habits may help you reduce your risk:

• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Urinate when feel the need, rather than holding it.
• Urinate after sexual activity.
• Wipe from front to back after using the bathroom.

Treatment options for UTIs

Most UTIs, when caught early, are easily treated with antibiotics. However, your specific treatment plan may depend on the type of UTI you have, its severity and if you have any previous health conditions. 

How long does it take for a UTI to go away?

Once you begin treatment, you’ll likely start feeling better within 48 hours. However, it’s important to continue to take your antibiotics even when symptoms start to go away. Drinking lots of fluids and resting can also help with your recovery.

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When to see a doctor

If you think you might have a UTI, contact your healthcare provider about your symptoms and treatment options. Seeking care early can help prevent your infection from spreading and get you back to living your best life.

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This blog was medically reviewed by a MercyOne provider.